有机光谱化学分析 (50).pdfVIP

P1: Hello everyone, welcome to this lecture--organic spectroscopic analysis. 大家好，欢迎学习——有机波谱分析课程。 P2: In this lecture, we’ll continue to study X-ray spectroscopy. Characteristic radiation Braking radiation produce line continuous spectra respectively. 在这一节课中，我们将继续学习X 射线光谱。 特征辐射和韧致辐射分别产生线光谱和连续谱。 Line spectra can never be produced alone in an x-ray tube; if present, it is always superimposed on the continuous spectrum. 线光谱永远不会在X 射线管中单独产生；如果存在，它将始终叠加在 连续光谱上。 P3: The two most prominent line spectra from a tungsten target are caused by electrons filling vacancies in the K shell. 来自钨靶的两个最突出的线光谱是由电子填充K 轨道中的空位引起 的。 For any particular tube voltage there will be a corresponding upper photon energy limit (or λmin) . 对于任何特定的管电压，都会有相应的光子能量上限（或λmin）。 P5: Diamond Synchrotron Light Source is the biggest science facility built in the UK. doughnut-shaped, covers the area of five football pitches! 同步加速器光源是英国建造的最大的科学设施。 环形的，有五个足球场大！ It is designed to generate intense light beams to probe matter right down to the molecular and atomic scale. It is a billion times brighter than the light produced by a hospital X-ray machine. 它旨在产生强烈的光束，以探测直至分子和原子尺度的物质。 它比医院X 光机产生的X 光强十亿倍。 P7: This is the picture of Shanghai Light Source: Nautilus “. 这是上海光源“鹦鹉螺”的照片。 P8: Interaction between X-rays and Matter includes Absorption, Coherent (Classic) Scattering, Compton Scattering, Photoelectric effect, Pair Production and Photodisintegration. X 射线与物质之间的相互作用包括吸收，相干（经典）散射，康普顿 散射，光电效应，电子偶的产生和光致蜕变。 Photodisintegration (PD) is the process by which the x-ray photon is captured by the nucleus of the atom with the ejection of a particle from the nucleus when all the energy of the x-ray is given to the nucleus. It is the process harnessed in the development of nuclear fission. 光致蜕变（PD）过程是当将X 射线的全部能量都提供给原子核时，原 子核将X 射线光子捕获，同时原子核中弹出粒子。这也是核裂变发展 过程中利用的过程。 P9: The absorption coefficient  is proportional to constant k and the m atomic numb