大脑高级皮层功能障碍.pptx

会计学1大脑高级皮层功能障碍 cognition functionour ability to perform complex intellectual behaviors such as speaking and writing navigating our way around our environment recognizing other people comprehending time… …第1页/共38页 Cerebral hemisphereCerebellumBrain stem第2页/共38页 dominant hemisphere The side of the brain that controls writing and speech is called the dominant hemisphere and the other side is the non-dominant hemisphere.The left hemisphere is dominant in over 90% of right-handed people and in about 60% of left-handed people . 第3页/共38页 FRONTAL LOBE第4页/共38页 1.primary motor cortexthis is located in the percentral gyrus and is concerned with motor function of the opposite side of the body 第5页/共38页 Supplementary motor and premotor corticesthese areas are concerned with coordinating and planning complex movements .第6页/共38页 Symptoms from lesions of the motor cortexcontralateral mono-or hemiparesis and facial weakness Supplementary motor and premotor cortices disorders of complex motor planning.第7页/共38页 2. Broca’s area the motor or expressive centre for the productions of speech (dominant hemisphere only ).第8页/共38页 Symptoms from lesions of the Broca’s area expressive dysphasia :This comprises non-fluent, hesitant speech with intact comprehension.The patient knows what he or she wants to say but has difficulty finding the correct words ,often producing the wrong word. The ability to repeat words is better than spontaneous speech. Handwriting is also often poor.第9页/共38页 3.Prefrontal cortexthe anterior and orbital parts of the frontal cortex govern personality ,emotion, initiative and the ability to plan.第10页/共38页 Symptoms from lesions of the Prefrontal cortex causes altered behaviors, including :social disinhibition loss of initiative and interestinability to solve problems with loss of abstract thought impaired concentration and attention without intellectual or memory decline 第11页/共38页 4.The cortical micturition centre this region lies in the paracentral lobule and is invol