巴德 宏观经济学原理（英文版·第8版）Chapter 1 PowerPoint.pptxVIP

You’re in school!Did you make the right decision? Getting Started1When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to1 Define economics and explain the questions that economists try to answer.2 Explain the ideas that define the economic way of thinking.3 Explain how economists go about their work as social scientists and policy advisers.CHAPTER CHECKLIST 1.1 DEFINITION AND QUESTIONS All economic questions and problems arise because human wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.ScarcityScarcity is the condition that arises because wants exceeds the ability of resources to satisfy them.Faced with scarcity, we must make choices—we must choose among the available alternatives.The choices we make depend on the incentives we face. 1.1 DEFINITION AND QUESTIONSEconomics Defined Economics is the social science that studies the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and entire societies make as they cope with scarcity, the incentives that influence those choices, and the arrangements that coordinate them. 1.1 DEFINITION AND QUESTIONSEconomics divides into two parts:Microeconomics: The study of the choices that individuals and businesses make and the way these choices interact and are influenced by governments.Macroeconomics: The study of the aggregate (or total) effects on the national economy and the global economy of the choices that individuals, businesses, and governments make. 1.1 DEFINITION AND QUESTIONSTwo big economic questions:How do choices determine what, how, and for whom goods and services get produced?When do choices made in self-interest also promote the social interest? 1.1 DEFINITION AND QUESTIONS What, How, and For Whom?Goods and services are the objects (goods) and actions (services) that people value and produce to satisfy human wants.What goods and services get produced and in what quantities?How are goods and services produced?For Whom are the various goods and services produced? 1.1 DEFINITION AND