直接引语和间接引语及练习题.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语： 引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词连接联接于主句。 A． 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有很多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。 人称的变化 a. He said, “I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much. b. He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in my room. (2)时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。 直接引语转换成间接引语时态的变化 例句 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时→一般过去时 He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish this work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work. 现在进行时→过去进行时 He said, “I’m using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife. 现在完成时→过去完成时 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时→过去完成时 He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me. 过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper. 一般将来时→过去将来时 Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.” Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class. 间接引语中的不变时态 在把直接引语变成间接引语时，谓语动词的时态一般要作相应的变化，但在下列几种情况下时态不变。 如果间接引语主句中的动词是一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时或将来时。如： He says, “This work is too difficult.”→He says/is saying/has said/will say(that) this work is too difficult. 当直接引语是表示不因说话时间变化而变化的科学真理或客观事实时。如： He said, “There are over 50,000 different characters in Chinese.”→He said there are over 50,000 different characters in Chinese. 当直接引语动词表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续。如： “ I’m fifteen,” the boy said.→ The boy said that he is fifteen.”(同一年转述) 当直接引语中的谓语动词含有无过去时形式的情态动词时。如： I said, “You’d better ask him for help.”→ I said you had better ask him for help. ⑤当直接引语陈述的是一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时。如： “I get up at six o’clock every morning.” said he.→ He said that he gets up at six o’clock every morning. 时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时，变成间接引语后可以不变。如： “When I lived in America, I often saw Tom,” said he.→He said when he lived in America he often saw/had often seen Tom. 如果直接引语