被动语态的考点难点辨析讲义-高考英语二轮复习_.docx

高中英语语法：被动语态的考点难点辨析 被动语态与系表结构的区别 动词“be+过去分词”这一结构既可以是被动语态，也可以是 系表结构。这两种结构主要的区别是：被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态。我们还可以通过以下方法来判断： 从形式上来看，被动语态往往接by施动者，而系表结构往往有固定的搭配，如be joined to, be connected with, be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with, be concerned about等。 We were surprised at the unexpected news.?听到这个意外消息，我们感到惊讶。(系表结构) 注意：句中有“by+人”时，多用被动语态；而“by+物”时，多属系表结构。如： The house was surrounded by the police.?这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态) The house was surrounded by trees.?这房子四周都是树。(系表结构，表示静止的状态) 从时态上来看， 被动语态的be时态要与动作发生的时间一致；而系表结构的be只有一般时或完成时，表示目前或过去的性质或状态。如： This window was broken by Kate yesterday. (被动语态)?这窗户是凯特昨天打破的。?(被动语态) This glass is broken.?这块玻璃是破的。( 系表结构，指目前的状态) 从句中的状语来看，过去分词前有well, very, quite等副词修饰的是系表结构；若句中有时间、方式或目的状语时，一般为被动语态。 The play is well written.?这剧本写得很好。(系表结构) The play was written with great care.?这剧本是非常用心地写出来的。(被动语态，有方式状语) 被动语态中的过去分词必须是及物动词，而 系表结构中的过去分词可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及动词。如下列两句是系表结构： My pen is gone.?我的钢笔不见了。 The sun is risen.?太阳升起来了。 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 ? 1.?过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上更接近形容词，它不仅可用于系动词be之后，也可根据需要用于其他系动词之后。如： Be prepared!?大家准备好! Please remain seated.?请不要站起来。 He seemed embarrassed.?他似乎有点尴尬。 Soon he grew used to it.?不久他变得对它习惯了。 2.?被动语态中的过去分词动作意味较强，它只能与助动词be（有时可能是get）构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。如： He was driven away in a police car.?他被用警车带走了。 The guests were introduced to Jane.?客人们被介绍给了简。 The food was cooked last night.?饭是昨天晚上做的。 所以如果语义需要，其后可以接表示动作执行者的by短语。如： He was killed by a falling stone.?他被一块掉下来的石头砸死了。 This tree was planted by my grandfather.?这棵树是我祖父种的。 英语两类有用的被动句型 ? ?It be +过去分词+that…句型 It is said that…据说…… It is reported that…据报导…… It is supposed that…据推测…… It is hoped that…希望…… It is well known that…众所周知…… It is generally considered that…普遍认为…… It is suggested that…有人建议…… 注：这类结构有的还可改用接不定式的形式来表达。如： It is said that he has been to Japan.?据说他去过日本。 He is said to have been to Japan. ?be +过去分词+to do…结构 The meeting is scheduled to take place next week.?会议定于下周举行。 All are supposed to come to the meeting on time.?所有人都应该按时到会。 也谈主动形式表被