定语从句分析和总结.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 一、定语从句及相关术语 定语从句 定语从句的定义：相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词，充当定语的从句成为定语从句。除分隔定语从句外，定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的词(先行词)后面。 定语从句的构成：关系代词/关系副词+陈述语序的句子 关系词：引导定语从句的从属连词叫关系词，按照其词性的不同又分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等，在从句句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语(whose)等；关系副词有where, when, why ，在从句中只作状语。 关系代词常有三个作用：①引导定语从句，连接主从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语(whose)等。 关系副词也有类似的三个作用：①引导定语从句，连接主从句；②相当于相应的某个介词和代替先行词的关系代词形成的介词短语，表达“在先行词所表示的何地、何时或由于先行词所表示的原因”；③在定语 从句中在从句中只作状语。 定语从句内部一定要用陈述语序。二、关系代词引导的定语从句。 who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或表语，有时也可代替 whom 在从句中作宾语。 (1)The boys (who are playing football) are from Class One. (who are playing football 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the boys，关系代词 who 在在从句中指代 the boys 作主语) (2)Yesterday I helped an old man (who lost his way). (who lost his way 为定语从句，修饰先行词 an old man，关系代词 who 在在从句中指代 an old man 作主语，) whom 指人，在从定语句中充当宾语，常可省略。 Mr. Liu is the person (whom you talked about on the bus). (whom you talked about on the bus 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the person，关系代词whom 在从句指代 the person 作 talked about 的宾语。) Mr. Lin is just the man(whom I want to see 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the man，关系代词whom 在从句指代 the man 作 see 的宾语。) 注：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。如： The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 Football is a game (which is liked by most boys.) (which is liked by most boys 为定语从句，修饰先行词 a game，关系代词 which 在从句中指代 a game 作主语。) This is the pen(which he bought yesterday). (which he bought yesterday 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the pen，关系代词 which 在从句中指代 the pen 作 bought 的宾语。) that 指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 (1)The number of the people (that/who come to visit the city each year) rises one million.( that/who come to visit the city each year 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the people，关系代词 that/who 在从句中指代 the people 作作主语。) (2)Where is the man(that/whom I saw this morning).( that/whom I saw this morning 为定语从句，修饰先行词 the man，关系代词 which 在从句中指代 the man 作 saw 的宾语。) whosej 既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中修饰其后的名词，做该名称的定语。 He has a friend (whose father is a doctor). (whose father is a doctor 为定语从句，修饰先行词 a friend，关系代词 whose 指代”朋友的(the