基于太阳能电池板的智能跟踪系统设计.pdf

基于太阳能电池板的智能跟踪系统设计 摘要 在当前能源短缺的情况下，太阳能作为一种新型的清洁能源，越来越受到 人们的关注。当太阳能电池板工作时，由于阳光方向不确定，传统的固定太阳 能电池板不能够充分吸收太阳光能量。为了解决这种缺陷，本设计研究了一 基于单片机的太阳能电池板智能跟踪系统。 硬件方面，根据太阳光入射角的变化特点，设计了一套基于四区域光电传 感器跟踪方式的双轴跟踪系统。本系统采用 STM32F103C8T6 单片机为主控制 器，forKY-018 型光敏电阻传感器设计太阳位置检测电路。收集的光电检测数 据传输至主控制器，进而驱动 sg90 舵机带动太阳能电池板转动。太阳能电池 板产生的电能先存储到 yxa 50V 470μf 电容中，通过电容电压的逐渐提高，然后 在储存到 18650 锂电池中。 软件方面，提出了四区域光电传感器的布局方式。为了保证系统的跟踪精 确度，采取一种采集 2 个相邻信号求平均值的信号处理方法，并完成了各模块 及四区光域光电传感器的程序流程图设计和控制程序的编写及调试。 太阳能电池板产生的电能驱动两个 sg90 舵机，从而实现各种天气条件下对 太阳光的自动跟踪。采用电容器与锂电池与混合储能方案。在试验条件下，可 为锂电池提供约 0.1A 的充电电流，连续充电半小时后，锂电池在原来电压为 3.224V 上提高了 8.47%。 【关键词】太阳能追踪；四区域光电传感器；舵机；可充电锂电池 1 Design of intelligent tracking system based on solar panel [Abstract] Under the current situation of energy shortage, solar energy as a new type of clean energy, more and more peoples attention. When solar panels work, traditional fixed solar panels are not able to fully absorb the suns energy due to the uncertain direction of the sun. In order to solve this defect, the design of solar panel intelligent tracking system based on SCM. In terms of hardware, a dual-axis tracking system based on four-region photoelectric sensor tracking mode is designed according to the variation characteristics of sunlight incidence Angle. The system uses STM32F103C8T6 as the main controller and FORKY-018 photosensitive resistance sensor to design the solar position detection circuit. The collected photoelectric detection data is transmitted to the main controller, which drives the SG90 steering gear to rotate the solar panel. The energy generated by the solar panels is first stored in the YXA 50V 470uF capacitor, and then stored in the 18650 lithium battery through the gradual increase of capacitor voltage. In software, the layout of four regions photoelectric sensor is proposed. In