英汉句子结构的对比.pptxVIP

英汉句子结构对比;英语主语显著，汉语主题显著 英语句子的结构：主语+谓语 汉语句子的结构：主题+述题 例1：他会干这件事我不放心。 译文一：I don’t believe that he should have done such things. 译文二：That he should have done such things I don’t believe. ;例2：在桌子上他放了一本书。 译文1：On the desk he put a book. 译文2：He put a book on the desk. 例3：昨天的事多亏你帮忙。 译文1：Thank you for your help yesterday. 译文2：I own you a lot for your help yesterday. 例4：His learning I admire, but his character I despise. ;英语句子中主语的处理 英译汉时主语可译成：主谓结构；主题+述题结构；无主句。 汉译英时应根据语境及译入语的习惯处理 一，主语对译 例5：Groundwater, which in its natural state is more protected than surface water, is the preferred source of drinking water for cities.; 例6：五四运动是反帝国主义的运动，又是反封建主义的运动。 The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement. 二，改变原句主语 例7：Electricity can pass through the carbon grains more easily when they are pressed together than when they are spread apart. ;例8：Areas which are far from the sea or sheltered by high mountains usually receive air that has already lost all, or nearly all its humidity. 例9：这种水泵的主要特点是操作简便。 三，英语的主谓结构译成汉语无主句 英语it, that, what等代词作抽象主语时，译成汉语时省略，译成无主句。 反之，汉语的无主句英译时，则要有适当的主语。 ;例10：It is hard work, but it has to be done. 例11：可以在车床上车削各种形状和尺寸的螺纹。 It is possible to cut all thread forms and sizes on a lathe. 四，英语主谓结构与汉语“主题+述题”结构对译 例12：It’s no legend. My father knew the two men involved. 译一，这不是传奇，我父亲认识那两个涉及这场悲剧的人。 译二，那可不是传奇，那两个与惨案有关的人 我父亲都认识的。;英语特殊结构汉译时主语的选择 英语的被动句 英语的被动句表述客观的实事和态度，多用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍、景物描写等，汉语被动句表示发生的不愉快的事实。 一，保留主语，谓语动词可用“被”结构，也可转换为???动语态。 例13：They were defeated by themselves, rather than by their enemies. ;例14：Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth’s crust. 例15：A prototype of another display, called the Military E-book, should be completed next January or February. 二，用“我们、人们、大家”等表泛指的代词充当译语主语。 例16：The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. 例17：After many years, regular mail carriers on horseback were hired. ;三，译成无主句，特别是英语中一些表示观点、态度、要求、告诫、号召的被动句。 例18：Felling trees is forbidden. Where can you be reached? As the ar