儿童呼吸系统疾病英.pptxVIP

Respiratory Dysfunction第1页，共40页。 Anatomy and Physiology of the Childhood Respiratory SystemUpper respiratory tract NosePharynxLarynxEpiglottisLower respiratory tractTracheaBronchiBronchioles and alveoli第2页，共40页。 The Upper Airway differences: shorter and narrow 4 mm 20 mm nose breather airway resistance loosely mucous membranes and soft tissue The Lower Airway differences: right bronchus is more wider, shorter, vertical less alveolar surface areaAnatomy and Physiology of the Childhood Respiratory System第3页，共40页。 Pneumonia第4页，共40页。 Definition An inflammation or infection of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces of the lungsPneumonia 第5页，共40页。 Introduction occur: in infants and young children recovery: children sooner than adults exist type: disease or plication season: late winter and early spring Pneumonia 第6页，共40页。 Lobar pneumonia Bronchopneumonia (lobular pneumonia) Interstitial pneumoniaPneumonia classificationMorphological classification第7页，共40页。 Etiologic Agent Infectiousvirus bacterial Mycoplasma(支原体肺炎) chlamydial （衣原体肺炎）fungi pneumocystis(肺囊虫) Noninfectious foreign body aspirationPneumonia classification第8页，共40页。 Course Agent Acute 1 month Progressive 1-3 months Chronic 3 months Pneumonia classification第9页，共40页。 State of Illness Mild Severe Pneumonia classification第10页，共40页。 the clinical manifestations of bronchopneumoniaMild bronchopneumonia fever: irregular fever cough:dry,hacking,non-productive to productive cough tachypnea:RR40~80ts/m nasal flaring, sighing respiration, three depression signs and cyanosis fixed fine moist ralesPneumonia 第11页，共40页。 the clinical manifestations of bronchopneumoniaSevere bronchopneumoniacirculation systemmanifestations of myocarditissigns of heart failurenervous system gastrointestinal Chest:X-ray filmPneumonia 第12页，共40页。 Severe bronchopneumonia Circulation