厦大海洋浮游生物学双语课件16垂直分布.pptVIP

Vertical distributionChapter 16 This chapter includes there parts of section:§16.1 Vertical distribution in phytoplankton§16.2 Vertical distribution in zooplankton Vertical distribution in phytoplanktonStudies on the different layers of water shows much variation in the distribution of the phytoplankton and it becomes scarce in deep layers. Some examples on vertical distribution in phytoplankton are given bellow. §16.1 Quantitative distribution of coccolithophorids as a function of depth, in May 1901, MediterraneanIn this example the coccolithophores, which become rare below 100m, disappear completely at more than 500m depth. Vertical distribution of the five most abundant species of phytoplankton at Crawford, NY, 1960 Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a (shaded) and density (dashed) of phaeophytin in Japan ,132oE) Nutrient vertical distribution in Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans From the examples above, we can see: phytoplankton must have adequate light for photosynthesis and can develop only in the upper layers (photic zone). Phytoplankton is not most abundant in the superficial water, where light intensity is greatest. Many of the phytoplanktonic organisms, particularly diatoms cannot move independently and so tend to sink. Those with a high density will, therefore, remain below the level of high production.Photosynthesis requires an optimal light intensity. The light intensity at superficial layer may have strongly light, and UV (ultra-violet) may damage some biological molecules and affect the process of photosynthesis. Vertical distribution in zooplanktonThe distribution of the Euphausiacea in the North Atlantic sets an excellent example of vertical distribution in zooplankton. § 16.2 Schematic representation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of a North Atlantic Enphausiid, on a north-south section passing by iceland The copepod, Anomalocera patersoni, is found in the first meter under the surface. The copepod may be very much reduced, as