2020考研数学三真题及试题及解析.docxVIP

2020考研数学三真题及试题及解析 2020年考研数学三真题及试题及解析一、选择题部分1.已知$\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3$为复数单位根，则$|\alpha_1+\alpha_2+\alpha_3|$的值为$A.0$ $B.1$ $C.2$ $D.3$【解析】:由于$\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3$为复数单位根，则它们均满足方程$x^n-1=0$，即$x^n=1$，同时也满足$x^{n-1}+x^{n-2}+...+x+1=0$。因此,$\alpha_1+\alpha_2+\alpha_3$=0。所以答案为A.0。2.设$f(x)$在区间[0,1]上一阶导函数连续，$f(0)=1$，$f(1)=0$，则$f(x)$在区间[0,1]上至少有$A.1$ $B.2$ $C.3$ $D.4$【解析】:根据题意，$f(0)=1$，$f(1)=0$，并且一阶导函数连续，则$f(x)$在区间[0,1]上至少有一个切点，则$f(x)$在区间[0,1]上至少有一个极值。此时$f(x)$在区间[0,1]上至少有2个零点，因此答案为B.2。3.设$a,b,c$是正数，则$\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8abc}$的最小值为$A.1$ $B.2$ $C.4$ $D.8$【解析】:根据不等式$(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\geq 8abc$，得$\frac{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}{8abc}\geq 1$，当$a=b=c$时等号成立，最小值为1，因此答案为A.1。二、解答题部分1.设$u(x,y)$和$v(x,y)$是一阶偏导数连续的函数，且满足如下方程组$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial v}{\partial y}=y\cos(xy)$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=x\cos(xy)$试证明：对于任意有限的$(x,y)$，有$u(x,y)^2+v(x,y)^2\leq \frac{1}{2}e^{x^2+y^2}$。【解析】:根据题意，对于任意$(x,y)$，满足如下方程组：$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=y\cos(xy)+\frac{\partial v}{\partial y}$$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=x\cos(xy)-\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}$因此，$\frac{\partial ^2 u}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}(y\cos(xy)+\frac{\partial v}{\partial y})=\cos(xy)-\frac{\partial ^2 u}{\partial y^2}$$\frac{\partial ^2 v}{\partial x^2}=\frac{\partial}{\partial x}(x\cos(xy)-\frac{\partial u}{\partial y})=\cos(xy)+\frac{\partial ^2 v}{\partial y^2}$将上述结果带入$\frac{\partial ^2 }{\partial x^2}(u^2+v^2)$,化简得：$\frac{\partial ^2 }{\partial x^2}(u^2+v^2)=2(u\frac{\partial ^2 u}{\partial x^2}+v\frac{\partial ^2 v}{\partial x^2})+2(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}\frac{\partial v}{\partial y})=2(\cos(xy)(u^2+v^2)+xu\frac{\partial v}{\partial y}-yv\frac{\partial u}{\partial y})$同理，可得：$\frac{\partial ^2 }{\partial y^2}(u^2+v^2)=2(\cos(xy)(u^2+v^2)-xv\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+y u\frac{\partial v}{\partial x})$因此，$\frac{\partial ^2 }{\partia