传染病学英文版课件：Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.ppt

Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis DefinitionMeningitis is characterized by inflammation of the membranes around the brain or spinal cord.Meningococcal meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Etiology Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negativ bacterium. There are 13 kinds of serogroups.The most inportant serogroups are A, B, C, Y and W. N. meningitidis is a part of the normal nonpathogenic flora in the nasopharynx of up to 5–15% of adults. It colonizes and infects only humans, and has never been isolated from other animals. SubtypesAmong the 13 identified capsular types of N. meningitidis, six (A, B, C, W135, X, and Y) account for most disease cases worldwide. Type A has been the most prevalent in Africa and Asia, but is rare/ practically absent in North America. In the United States, serogroup B is the predominant cause of disease and mortality, followed by serogroup C. EpidemiologySouece of infection Neisseria meningitidis commonly colonizes the nasopharynx in humanRoute of transmission Diret contact, contaminated itemsSusceptible population Cases are seen in all age groups Most cases are seen from 0 to 4 years Clinical ManifestationMeningococcus can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease. It initially produces general symptoms like fatigue, fever, and headache and can rapidly progress to neck stiffness, coma and death in 10% of cases. Symptoms of meningococcal meningitis are easily confused with those caused by other bacteria, such as Hemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Suspicion of meningitis is a medical emergency and immediate medical assessment is recommended. if a case of meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia (infection of the blood) is suspected intravenous antibiotics should be given and the ill person admitted to the hospital. Septicaemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis has received much less public attention than meningococcal meningitis even though septicaemia has been link