海洋船舶防污染管理培训教材课件.ppt

海洋船舶防污染管理培训教材 海洋船舶防污染管理l 随着海洋运输业的发展，世界船队规模不断增大，从船舶上排入海洋及大气中的各种有害物质的数量与日俱增，使海洋环境日趋恶化，海洋的生态环境被破坏，尤其是一些沿岸及河口海域已遭受着严重的污染损害，危害人类健康（在此不仅是船舶污染损害，还包括沿岸工业污染。为了当代人类健康，也为子孙后代创造一个良好的生存环境，使人类杜会可持续发展，必须严格控制对海洋的污染。l 船舶污染物的控制是目前航运界主要考虑的问题之一。 Substances of Pollution from Shipl oill chemicals(Noxious Liquid Substancesin Bulk)l harmful substances in packaged forml Sewagel Garbagel Harmful airl Other substances. 船舶对海洋造成污染的主要物质：l 石油;l 散装有毒液体物质；l 包装有害物质；l 生活污水；l 船舶垃圾；l 有害排气；l 其他。 Source of Pollution from Shipl operational or deliberate causes, fromroutine operationsl accidental or negligent causes 船舶对海洋的污染船舶对海洋造成污染的途径：l 操作性污染；l 事故性污染。 The MARPOL Conventionl Introductionl technical Annexes Introduction to MARPOL73/78History :l national regulations in the first half of the20th centuryl the United Kingdom organized theInternational Convention for thePrevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil(OILPOL), 1954.l in 1958, the IMO Convention entry intoforce. Introduction to MARPOL73/78History :l The 1954 Convention, which wasamended in 1962, 1969 and 1971,primarily addressed pollutionresulting from routine tankeroperations and from the discharge ofoily wastes from machinery spaces -regarded as the major causes of oilpollution from ships. Introduction to MARPOL73/78History :l In 1967, the tanker Torrey Canyon ranaground while entering the EnglishChannel and spilled her entire cargo of120,000 tons of crude oil into the sea. Theincident raised questions about measuresthen in place to prevent oil pollution fromships and also exposed deficiencies in theexisting system for providingcompensation following accidents at sea. Introduction to MARPOL73/78History :l an international Conference in 1973adopted the International Convention forthe Prevention of Pollution from Ships.l the Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973International Convention for thePrevention of Pollution from Ships (1978MARPOL Protocol) - adopted on 17February 1978. Introduction to MARPOL73/78History :l The combined instrument - theInternat