女性盆底解剖课件.ppt

直肠 宫颈 输尿管 膀胱 尿道 闭孔肌和筋膜 耻骨宫颈筋膜 耻骨联合 韧带 弓状腱 间隙 膀胱前间隙 直肠旁间隙（耻骨直肠间隙） 直肠后间隙 * This is an anterior view of the bony pelvis. Each hip bone consists of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. * This is an anterior view of the bony pelvis. The pubis is comprised of the superior pubic ramus, body of the pubis, and inferior pubic ramus. * This illustration is of the bony pelvis in the dorsal lithotomy position. Again, the pubis is comprised of the superior pubic ramus, body of the pubis, and inferior pubic ramus. * This is an anterior view of the bony pelvis. The ischium is comprised of the ischial ramus, ischial spine, and ischial tuberosity. * This illustration is of the bony pelvis in the dorsal lithotomy position. Again, the ischium is comprised of the ischial ramus, ischial spine, and ischial tuberosity. The junction between the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus is the ischiopubic ramus. * Anterior toward the front, in front of Posterior toward the back, behind ? Medial toward the midline Lateral away from the midline ? Internal/deep toward the inside or on the inside External/superficial toward the outside or on the outside ? Proximal closer to the origin Distal further from the origin ? Superior above Inferior below * The obturator membrane has a small opening in the superior, anterior corner (or superior, lateral corner), which allows for the passage of the obturator vein, artery, and nerve. This small opening in the obturator membrane is the obturator canal. * The obturator vein, artery and nerve pass through the obturator canal. Often times a vein, artery, and nerve are collectively referred to as a VAN: the “V” stands for vein, the “A” stands for artery, and the “N” stands for nerve. They may also be collectively referred to as a neurovascular bundle. Many physicians call the obturator vein, artery, and nerve collectively as the obturator bundle. ? The obturator artery arises from the internal iliac artery, but