《工程地质学Engineering Geology》英文教学课件.pptVIP

Engineering GeologyWhere Civilization and Earth MeetSoil and rock as engineering materialsResource extraction and usageEnvironmental impactsGeologic Hazards1 World Population Growth High Growth Medium Growth Low GrowthPopulation Growth% per year1%2%Exponential GrowthActual GrowthKehew, Figure 1.4 and 1.52 Population in CrisisPandemics and food shortages are beginning to decrease population growthContamination and global warming will only exacerbate the problem3 Overuse of Geologic Resources1.7 billion are joining the “consumer class” and the environment can’t sustain this standard of living. (Worldwatch Institute, 2004) Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warmingClimate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK) (Geology in the News)4 Global Oil Production to PeakOnce oil production peaks extraction will become increasingly expensive.Alternative sources Coal (emissions?)Nuclear (waste?)Renewable (lagging technology?)See Kehew Fig. 1.85 Greenhouse Gasses and Global WarmingGlobal Warming lags CO2 spikesCO2 concentration is higher than all maximums during the past 500,000 years And still increasing!See Kehew Fig. 1.146 Effects on Engineering GeologyMelting of Polar iceOpening of new arctic shipping routes in a few decades Melting PermafrostIncreasingly severe stormsSea level rise (~6m in a few decades)Increased erosionFloodingSubmerged infrastructure7 Water ResourcesUse of fresh water from the water cycleSurface waterLakesStreamsGroundwaterSpringsAquifers (extracted by pumping wells)8 Water Cycle Storage and TransferStorageIn 106 km3Transfer in 106 km3/yr9 Fresh Water Withdrawal Trends10 Fresh Water Withdrawal Trends11 The Cradle of Civilization Sprung from geology of the regionTigris River, Iraq /12 World of GeologyThe Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent) Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, ener