高考英语专题三阅读理解题型一命题突破高考命题15主旨大意题精选题.pdfVIP

主旨大意题 A (2018·湖北八校二次联考 )Whats small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you say bees or hummingbirds, you get it. You wont be the first if you mix the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too. Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals searched for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, likethe order in which theyvisited flowers, and where flowers were located to others.“It was ‘almost like an algorithm(算法)’ for efficient searching，” said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions. As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically arent. “But however they perceive( 察 觉 到 ) or process information, they both experience similar information，” Dr.Pritchard said. In daytoday searching for f d, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a beeseye view than a birdseye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they dont use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hum