输液反应及处理.doc

输液反应及处理 输液反应及处理: 1、发热反应 处理: ?输液用具做好去除热原的处理。 ?减慢输液速度或停止输液，并通知医生处理。 ?对高热病员给予物理降温，必要时，给抗过敏药物或激素治疗。 ?保留剩余溶液和输液橡胶管送检验室做细菌培养。 2、循环负荷过重(肺水肿) 处理: ?立即停止输液，通知医生处理。 ?病员取端坐位，两腿下垂，以减少静脉回流，减轻心脏负担。 ?加压给氧，可使肺泡内压力增高，减少肺泡内毛细血管漏出液的产生。同时氧气经过20,30%的酒精湿化后吸入，酒精能降低肺泡泡沫表面张力，使泡沫破裂消散，改善肺部气体交换，迅速减轻缺氧状况。 ?按医嘱给用镇静剂和抗血管药物及毛地黄等强心剂。 3、静脉炎 处理: ?严格执行无菌操作，避免对血管刺激性大的药物溢出血管外，并有计划地更换注射部位。 ?抬高患肢，局部用95%酒精或50%硫酸镁行热湿敷。 ?超短波理疗。 ?如合并感染，根据医嘱给抗生素治疗。 4、空气栓塞 处理:三,准确判断 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 简单说，输液反应就是热源反应所致的寒战高热，与“速发型过敏反应”不同。虽然二者在刚发生时都有面色苍白、胸闷、恶心等前驱表现，但前者发冷寒战更突出，约10--15分钟后面色潮红，寒战过后或同时出现高热、超高热，临床发展以分钟计，与后者相比相对较平稳;而后者的本质是速发型过敏性休克，其前驱症状发生数秒、数十秒后即出现面色苍灰、恶心呕吐、冷汗淋漓、瘫倒下去、呼吸浅促、脉博细速、频死感、昏厥、心跳呼吸骤停，是一种骤然哀竭，其临床过程以秒计，与前者相比要急骤得多，无寒战高热过程。 四,果断处理 一旦发生输液反应，一,不要拨掉静脉针头,一定保留好静脉通道，以备抢救用药。一旦拨掉静脉通道，当