泰兴市第四高级中学高二英语教学案（新版）M5U1语法.docVIP

泰兴市第四高级中学高二英语教学案（新版）M5U1 语法 泰兴市第四高级中学高二英语教学案 M5U1 动词不定式 动名词的构成形式 动词不定式是由 “ to + 动词原形” 构成;动名词由动词+ing构成。 主动式有: 一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式; 被动式有: 一般式、进行式和完成式。 时态 主动 被动 语态 to do to be done 动词不定式 一般式 动名词 doing being done to be doing to be being done 动词不定式 进形式 动名词 doing being done 动词不定式 to have done to have been done 完成式 动名词 having done having been done to have been doing 动词不定式 完成进形式 动名词 having been doing 动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解 一(做主语 ? 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如: ? It，be，名词，to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. ? It takes sb. + some time + to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ? It，be，形容词，for sb.，to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ? It，be，形容词，of sb.，to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ? It seems(appears)，形容词，to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型?中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等; 在句型?中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于sb. is，形容词，to do句式，如: Its kind of you to help me with my English. =You are kind to help me with my English. ? 动名词做主语 Learning without practice is no good. 动名词做主语时，也常用It句式。如: ? Its +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… Its no good reading in dim light. Its no use sitting here waiting. ? Its，形容词，doing Its dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等，但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构， 应用不定式 代替，如:Its important for you to keep fit. ? There is no + doing There is no saying what will happen next. There is no denying that he has stolen the bike. 在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于Its impossible to…结构。 ? 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ? 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主 语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如: Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for y