MakingbabiesGeneticallyCorrect上海交通大学医学使婴儿基因正确.pptxVIP

MakingbabiesGeneticallyCorrect上海交通大学医学使婴儿基因正确第1页/共46页 A Glossary of Genetics TermsGene: basic unit of inheritance for all living organismsGenome: Genetic endowment of a speciesGene mapping: Determining location of genes on chromosomeGene sequencing: Determining identity of genes from the distinctive order (sequence) of base pairs, such as A-T and G-CChromosome: Threadlike structure in the nuclei of plant and animal cells; it carries the linearly arranged genetic units (genes)第2页/共46页 A Glossary of Genetics TermsNucleic acid: Large, chainlike molecule of phosphric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine basesMarker: Gene with a known location on a chromosomeTemplate: Macromolecular model for another macromolecule, as in the synthesis of RNA from a DNA templateTransgenic: Organism, such as a mouse, containing experimentally transferred genetic material from another organism, such as mammalMutation: Abrupt change in the genotype of an organism that is not the result of recombination 第3页/共46页 A Glossary of Genetics TermsRecombination: Formation in offspring of genetic combinations not present in parentsGenotype: The genetic constitution of an individualPhenotype: The observable characters of an organism; the result of the way the genes are expressedGenetic defect: Pathological changes that occur by duplication, deletion or rearrangement of DNATranscription: The process by which RNA is formed from DNANucleotide: The structural unit of nucleic acid第4页/共46页 A Glossary of Genetics TermsRT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Gene therapy: A technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development DNA microarray: An experimental tool for obtaining high-throughput gene expression data Stem cell: have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. Serving as a sort of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person o