斯坦福大学计量经济学应用lecture1.pptxVIP

APPLIED ECONOMETRICSLecture 1 - Identification Defining IdentificationExperimentsNatural ExperimentsInstrumental variablesEconometric Identification WHAT IS IDENTIFICATION?Graduate and professional economics mainly concerned with identification in empirical workConcept of understanding what is the causal relationship behind empirical results:This is essential for learning from empirical researchTime-series example: Interest rates and GDPCross-section example: Management Productivity WHAT IS DRIVING THIS RELATIONSHIP?Correlation = 0.233 REASONS FOR CORRELATIONImagine variables Yt and Xt are