病原学检测法.pptxVIP

病原学检测法第1页/共62页 第一篇 微生物学基础第8章微生物感染的病原学检查法Laboratory Diagnosis第1页/共61页第2页/共62页 教学大纲掌握内容细菌细菌感染的微生物学检查程序直接涂片镜检、分离培养和鉴定、生化试验、血清学试验及动物实验病原菌抗原成分、核酸及其他成分的检测方法血清学诊断原则及常用的方法病毒病毒分离鉴定方法及病毒在培养细胞中的增殖的指标病毒数量与感染性的测定（TCID50、PFU的原理、应用）病毒成份的检测（抗原、核酸检测）病毒抗体检测常用方法的原理及应用、双份血清诊断意义熟悉内容标本的采集与送检原则革兰染色和抗酸染色的原理细菌药敏试验真菌感染的微生物学检查法了解内容组织培养；聚合酶链反应、蛋白印迹技术的原理和应用第2页/共61页第3页/共62页 OutlineLaboratory diagnosis for bacterial infectionsMorphological -- microscopic MolecularSerologicalLaboratory diagnosis for viral infectionsMorphological -- electron microscopic Isolation Molecular: nucleic acids and proteins SerologicalLaboratory diagnosis for fungal infectionsMorphological -- microscopicIsolation第3页/共61页第4页/共62页 第4页/共61页第5页/共62页 AssaysMorphological assaysLight or electron microscopiesIsolation and differentiationSerological assaysAntigen-antibody assays Molecular assaysMicroorganism’s gene (DNA RNA)第5页/共61页第6页/共62页 Principles for Specimen CollectionSterile manipulation, avoid contaminationObtain a specimen from the infected siteaccording to the disease phasebefore administrating antibioticsDouble sera for antibody detections, acute and recovery phase eachPositive if the titer of the later specimen is above 4X to the first specimenTransport, and store correctlyas soon as possibleStore at -4oC for most bacterial specimens, but keep warm for Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeaeStore at -4oC ~ -70oC for viral specimens第6页/共61页第7页/共62页 Laboratory Diagnosis for Bacterial Infections　Morphological 　Protein and Nucleic acids　Antibody第7页/共61页第8页/共62页 Bacteriological DiagnosisIdentifying the organismMorphological Isolation cultureBiochemical reaction Serological assaysPathogenesis antibiotics susceptibilityAnimal experimentVirulence testantibiotics susceptibility 第8页/共61页第9页/共62页 MorphologicalNon-stained microscopic observationDark-field microscopyObserving the movement of live bacteriaStained microscopic observationsGram stainAcid-fast stainFluorescence stain 第9页/共61页第10页/共62页 第10页/共61页第11页