基于单片机的智能小车速度控制设计.doc

PAGE IV PAGE I 题目：基于单片机的智能小车速度控制设计 专业：机械电子工程 学生： （签名） 指导教师： （签名） 摘 要 智能小车可应用于无人驾驶车辆，生产线，仓库，服务机器人及航空航天等领域，它是一种可行走的智能机器人。智能小车可在恶劣环境中进行人们无法完成的探测任务。因此，为了使智能小车在最佳状态工作，进一步研究及完善其速度的控制是非常有必要的。 本文详细介绍了智能小车速度控制系统的硬件设计。系统主控制核心采用了STC89C528位单片机，该系统是在Keil uVision软件平台基础上设计完成的，采用了C语言编程。系统硬件包括电源模块，测速模块、显示模块及电机驱动模块的设计。在电机驱动模块中，为了提高智能小车调速的准确度和敏捷度，本设计采用PWM技术和PI算法。在测速模块中，为了提高小车测速的精确度，本设计选用了光电测速传感器进行测速。 最后，通过对小车进行实车调试运行，验证了本设计的智能小车及其控制算法具有运行性能良好，可靠性高的特点，实现了自动调速功能，为后续的研究工作提供了一定的基础。 关键词：智能小车；STC89C52；测速；PWM调速；PI算法 Subject: Microcontroller-based intelligent vehicle velocity control design Abstract Intelligent vehicle is an intelligent walking robot．It can be applied to unmanned vehicles，unmanned production lines，warehouses，service robots，aerospace and other fields．Intelligent vehicle can complete the exploration missions in the environment which people could not enter or survive in．Therefore，in order to let the intelligent vehicle in the best condition the further research and improve its velocity control is very necessary． The hardware velocity control system design is introduced in detail．STC89C52 which program with C and compilation language works on the core processor of the control circuit．The system is designed based on the Keil uVsion software platform．The hardware design of control system include power module，velocity measurement module，display moduleand driving module．In driving module, PI algorithm and a way of PWM used to improve the accuracy and agility of the vehicle’s velocity control. In velocity measurement module，photoelectric speed sensor is chosen to increase the accuracy of the velocity measurement． Finally, from the work which has been done in this project，the conclusion can be draw that the intelligent vehicle and its control algorithm not only has the virtues of high-performance，high-reliability, but also has the auto tracing．This paper presented an experimental base for the further research． Ke