昆虫生理学生物学 (578).pdfVIP

14 Transgenic Pest and Beneficial Insects for Pest Management Programs 14.1 Overview 14.2 Introduction 14.3 Why Genetically Modify Insects? 14.3.1 Beneficial Insects 14.3.2 Pest Insects 14.4 Why Use Transgenic Methods? 14.5 What Is Involved in a Project Using Recombinant DNA Methods? 14.6 What Germ-Line Transformation Methods Are Available? 14.6.1 P -Element Vectors 14.6.2 Other Transposable Element Vectors 14.6.3 Viral Vectors 14.6.4 Paratransgenesis 14.6.5 FLP-Mediated Recombination 14.6.6 No Vectors 14.7 Current and Potential Methods to Deliver Foreign DNA into Arthropod Tissues 14.8 What Genes Are Available to Insert? 14.9 Why Are Regulatory Signals Important? 14.10 How Are Transformed Insects Identified? 14.11 How to Deploy Transgenic Pest and Beneficial Arthropods 14.12 Could Gene Silencing Reduce Program Effectiveness? 14.13 Potential Risks Associated with Releasing Transgenic Arthropods 14.13.1 Relative Risks 14.13.2 General Risk Issues 14.13.3 Horizontal Gene Transfer 14.14 Permanent Releases of Transgenic Arthropods into the Environment 14.14.1 Models to Predict 442 14.1. Overview 443 14.15 Conclusions References Cited Some Relevant Web Sites 14.1. Overview Genetic modification using recombinant DNA methods can now be used, almost rou- tinely, to transform pest and beneficial arthropods. Such genetically engineered insects and mites