高中英语高考英汉翻译时中文与英文的主语选择问题.docVIP

PAGE 2 PAGE 0 高考英语英汉翻译 中文与英文主语选择 1.英美人说It是谁，说不清楚，表示天气、时间、距离和度量等，无词义，只是用它来占一下主语的位置。 下雨了。译文：It’s raining. 10点了。译文：It’s ten o’clock. 2. IT做形式主语的情况 英语初学者犯这样的错误是很正常的(natural) 译文：It is quite natural for English beginners to make such a mistake. 我们有必要开会讨论这个问题。 译文：It is necessary for us to hold a meeting to discuss the problem 熬夜没有好处。It’s no good sitting up too late. 很显然，他读过这本书。It is quite clear that he has read the book. 3.汉语用地名、时间、工具等作主语很普遍,而英语中由于它们不是主要消息，往往处理成状语等成分。 昨天沈阳下雨了。 It rained in Shenyang yesterday. 明年将出版更多的儿童读物。 More books for children will be published next year. 这几天不能上学。 These days can’t go to school.(F) I cant go to school these days. 夏天是很难保存食物的。 Summer is difficult to preserve food.(F) It’s difficult to preserve food in summer.) 他英语说的好。 His English speaks good.( F) He speaks good English. 读书可以增长知识。 Reading can acquire knowledge. （F） Through reading one can acquire knowledge. 骑自行车是一种很好的上学方式。 By bike is a good way to go to school.(F) It is a good way to go to school by bike. 几乎每天都有电视。 Almost every day have TV. (F) There is TV almost every day. 我们穿的鞋是用塑料做的。 We wear the shoes are made of plastics.(F) The shoes we wear are made of plastics. 昨天你看到的那个人是他父亲。 Yesterday you saw the man is his father. The man you saw yesterday is his father. 4.汉语句子的主语与英文句子主语不能直接对应时，可从中挑出恰当词做英文句子的主语。 我的家乡发生了很大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town. 水果蔬菜吃得越多，对你的健康就越有好处。(the more…,the more…) The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the more good they will do to your health. 中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。 China has a long history in her diet culture. 这几天心情颇不平静。 I have felt quite upset recently. 学习英语要循环渐进( step ) We should learn English step by step. 我的英语进步了。 I have made progress in English. 他当教师比我强。 He is a better teacher than I. 我很担心你的身体，希望你身体尽快回复。（your body误用） I am very worried about your health and I hope you can recover soon. 我身体健康。My body is healthy.（F）→I am in good condition. 我认识到自己的口语很薄弱。 I realize that my spoken English is very weak.(F) → I realize that Im very weak in spoken Engl