俄罗斯及乌克兰矿业对欧盟及世界的重要性.pdf

Russia’s and Ukraine’s metal- and mineral production and their importance for EU and the world A study for Svemin - the Swedish Association of Mines, Mineral and Metal Producers April 2022 Introduction The import dependency of the EU for metals like iron ore, copper and bauxite/aluminium as well as Critical Raw Materials (CRM) is well known. When the Russian invasion of Ukraine runs into its third month the question arises: How is EU’s supply situation affected by changing trade links and by the destruction of mines and smelters in Ukraine. This study covers: o Russia as a mining country historically o Russian, Ukrainian and Belarussian production of metals and minerals o Russian exports of these metals and minerals o EU’s import dependence on Russia and Ukraine o The most important Russian and Ukrainian mining companies o Russia’s importance as a supplier of metals and minerals for certain branches of industry o Results of potential sanctions against Russian metals and minerals production and effects of destruction in Ukraine 2 Summary I o Historically Russia has been an important mining nation. Its role on a world scale has however diminished after the Soviet Union collapsed. o Russia is still an important producer and exporter of nickel, palladium and other metals in the platinum group of metals (PGM), vanadium, gold and a host of other metals. Among the industrial minerals potash and phosphates are the most important, both raw materials to produce feretilizers. o As a former world power Russia , as the only country except China, mines most if not all of the CRMs. o Metals and minerals from Russia are much less economically important for the EU than the Russian exports of oil and gas. o Nickel and palladium (and other PGM) are the most important metals fo