呼吸系统疾病英文.pptxVIP

呼吸系统疾病英文第1页/共70页 2ContentsUpper Respiratory InfectionAcute infectious LaryngitisAcute BronchitisBronchiolitisPneumonia第2页/共70页 3Anatomy upper respiratory tract(URT)Cricoid Cartilage lower respiratory tract(LRT) URT ：Nose、pharynx 、 Uvula 、 Larynx 、 auditory tube、paranasal sinuses LRT ：Trachea、bronchia 、bronchiole、the respiratory bronchiole、the alveolar duct and the alveolus第3页/共70页 4第4页/共70页 5第5页/共70页 6 Anatomy characteristicsupper respiratory tractNose: cilia↓, capillary↑ Sinuses: mucousAuditory tube tonsil Larynx第6页/共70页 7lower respiratory tract：Weak Cartilage Supporting , ciliary function impairmentRight bronchus :straight , largeCollagen and elastin fibers，capillary， interstitial tissueThorax：chest wall, respiratory muscle；diaphragm，mediastinum第7页/共70页 8 Physiological characteristics The compensatory ability ↓ Respiratory rate↑ Pattern of respirationGas-exchanging membrane :diffuse rate CO2＞O2Resistance of airway: child ＞adult第8页/共70页 9Arterial blood gas examination(1) pH↓acidosis；(2) PaO2↓ SaO2 ↓ hypoxemia；(3)PaCO2↑ carbon dioxide retention mal-ventilation第9页/共70页 10The Immunological Characteristics：Impaired mucociliary clearance functionSIgA↓、IgA↓、IgG↓ subtype of IgG ↓Alveolar macrophages ↓ , lysozyme ↓ lactoferrin ↓ 、interferon ↓ complement ↓第10页/共70页 11Upper Respiratory Infection (URI, or Common Cold)1. Etiology 90% viruses, the majority of colds. rhinoviruses ,coronaviruses.parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus. 2. season fall and winter 3. Frequency three to eight colds a year. 第11页/共70页 12 Inoculation by virus Invasion of epithelium ofRelease of nasopharynx,sinuses and URT cellular damageInflammatory of nasopharynxmediators in Cholinergicnasal secretions stimulation Increa