医学英语医英.pptxVIP

医学英语医英第1页/共84页 Smallpoxdeaths of an estimated?300 to 500 million?people第2页/共84页 Edward Jenner1749-1823Father of Immunology第3页/共84页 vaccinationIn 1796/wiki/Edward_JennerL.?vaccinus,?relating to a cow, vacca 1802 caricature of Jenner vaccinating patients who feared it would make them sprout cowlike appendages. 第4页/共84页 1979.10.26The announcement by the WHO that smallpox was the first disease that had been eradicated worldwide by a program of vaccination第5页/共84页 Louis Pasteur1822-1895The “Father” of the Modern Microbiology第6页/共84页 Vaccines:1880, chicken cholera1881, anthrax1885, rabiesconsciously第7页/共84页 第8页/共84页 immune systemWhat is it?Where is it?How does it work?第9页/共84页 What is immunity?第10页/共84页 immunityImmune systemImmune responseImmunologyImmunologistImmunodeficiencyImmunocompromised IMMUNITY ←← IMMUNIS (EXEMPT)Latin: Protection from legal prosecutionNow, in medical terms: free of disease.第11页/共84页 Bubble boyDavid Vetter(1971~1984)/wgbh/amex/bubble/peopleevents/p_vetter.html?severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) InfectionLymphoma congenital immunodeficiencypresent at birth第12页/共84页 HIV and AIDSHIV - human immunodeficiency virusAIDS - acquired immune deficiency syndrome第13页/共84页 ARC: AIDS-related complexARC is A?prodromal?phase of effects phase of infection with HIV. Symptoms can include recurring fever, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph glands, diarrhea, or fungal infection of the mouth. Candida infections第14页/共84页 Opportunity Infection and CancerFungal, bacterial, viral and protozoal infectionThe most frequent opportunistic tumour, Kaposis sarcoma, is observed in 20% of patients with AIDS.Malignant lymphomas are also frequently seen in AIDS patients.第15页/共84页 Kaposi’s sarcoma第16页/共84页 Kaposi’s sarcomaKaposis sarcoma on the skin of an AIDS patient. 第17页/共84页 lymphoma第18页/共84页 Functions of Immune systemimmune defence defense agaist infectious diseasesimmune surveillancekill cancer cells immune homeostasis ?maintain internal equilibrium? 第19页/共84页 Where is