托福TPO37阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案解析.pdfVIP

　　为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福 TPO37 阅读Passage3 原文文 +题目+答案 解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 　　Modern Architecture In The United States 　　At the end of the nineteenth century,there were basically two kinds of buildings in the United States.On one hand were the buildings produced for the wealthy or for civic purposes,which tended to echo the architecture of the past and to use traditional styles of ornamentation.On the other hand were purely utilitarian structures,such as factories and grain elevators,which employed modern materials such as steel girders and plate glass in an undisguised and unadorned manner.Such buildings,however,were viewed in a category separate fromfinearchitecture,and in fact were often designed by engineers and builders rather than architects.The development of modern architecture might in large part be seen as an adaptation of this sort of functional building and its pervasive application for daily use.Indeed,in this influential book Toward a New Architecture,the Swiss architect Le Corbusier illustrated his text with photographs of American factories and grain storage silos,as well as ships,airplanes,and other industrial objects.Nonetheless,modern architects did not simply employ these new materials in a strictly practical fashion—they consciously exploited their aesthetic possibilities.For example,glass could be used to open up walls and eliminate their stone and brick masonry because large spaces could now be spanned with steel beams. 　　The fundamental premise of modern architecture was that the appearance of the building should exhibit the nature of its materials and forms of physical support.This often led to effects that looked odd from a traditional standpoint but that became hallmarks of modern architecture for precisely this reason.For example,in traditional architecture,stone or brick walls served a structural role,but in a steel-beam building