宏观经济学MBA教程.pptxVIP

二、宏观经济计量与核算MEASURING A NATION’S INCOME第一页，共四十五页。 The Circular FlowHouseholdsGovernmentFirmsMarkets for Factor of ProductionMarkets for Goods and ServicesForeign CountryFirm RevenueIncomePrivate SavingTaxesGovernment DeficitConsumptionGovernment PurchasesInvestmentImportExportFactor PaymentsInternational Capital FlowFinancial Markets第二页，共四十五页。 Wassily Leontief(沃西里·里昂惕夫)1973年获诺贝尔经济学奖。 1906年出生在圣彼得堡，1929年任中国铁道部顾问，1931年进入美国国民经济研究 局（NBER），1946年哈佛大学经济学教授。 1941年出版《美国经济结构：1919-1929》，第一次用投入产出法进行经济结构分析。 1966年出版《投入产出经济学》。第四页，共四十五页。 国民帐户体系A SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS国民收入帐户投入产出表资金循环表国际收支表国民资产负债表第五页，共四十五页。 Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the income and expenditures of an economy. It is the total market value of all final goo and services produced within a country in a given time period.Gross Domestic Product第六页，共四十五页。 Important Features of GDPOutput is valued at market prices. It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once). It includes both tangible goods (food, clothing, cars) and intangible services (haircuts, housecleaning, doctor visits).第七页，共四十五页。 Important Features of GDP It includes goods and services currently produced, not transactions involving goods produced in the past. It measures the value of production within the geographic confines of a country.第八页，共四十五页。 Important Features of GDP It measures the value of production that takes place within a specific interval of tim usually a year or a quarter (three months).第九页，共四十五页。 What Is Counted in GDP? GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally in markets.第十页，共四十五页。 What Is Not Counted in GDP? GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace. It excludes items produced and sold illicitl such as illegal drugs.第十一页，共四十五页。 Gross National Product Gross national product (GNP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period of time by a nation’s permanent