水稻驯化与长江文明.pdfVIP

生物多样性 2018, 26 (4): 346–356 doi: 10.17520/biods.2018016 Biodiversity Science •综述• 水稻驯化与长江文明 1* 1 2 宋志平 陈家宽 赵 耀 1 (生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所, 上海 200438) 2 (南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所, 南昌 330031) 摘要: 水稻(即亚洲栽培稻Oryza sativa)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一, 全球有超过半数以上人口以稻米为食。 关于水稻是何时、何地、在什么环境下开始驯化等问题一直是学术界关注的热点。得益于分析技术的进步, 近年 来考古学和遗传学研究在水稻驯化起源问题上取得了重要进展。本文简要综述了有关长江流域的水稻驯化起源的 遗传学和考古学的研究进展, 并讨论了水稻驯化与稻作文化及长江文明的关系。遗传学研究结果认为水稻(粳稻) 最早起源于中国长江流域及以南地区(珠江流域), 考古学证据则表明水稻最先于10,000–8,000 BP在中国长江流域 被驯化, 水稻驯化和稻作农业的发展催生了长江文明。这些进展促进了我们对水稻驯化、稻作文化和长江文明的 认识, 对长江流域重要植物资源的保护也有启示意义。 关键词: 栽培稻; 野生稻; 驯化; 长江文明; 起源 Rice domestication and the Yangtze River civilization 1* 1 2 述 Zhiping Song , Jiakuan Chen , Yao Zhao 综 1 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438 2 Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031 Abstract : Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops in the world and serves as a staple food source for more than half of the world’s population. Research into when, where, and how rice was initially cultivated and eventually domesticated is essential. Research on these questions has been greatly advanced recently, along with nearly continuous research in both genetics and archaeology using