最全（仁爱版）初中英语语法知识点综合归纳与练习.pdf

非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。——诸葛亮 最全（仁爱版）初中英语语法知识点综合归纳与练习 仁爱版初中英语语法知识点综合归纳与练习 ⼀．名词 I. 名词的种类： II. 名词的数： 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词的复数形式，⼀般在单数形式后⾯加-s或-es。现将构成⽅法与读⾳规则列表如下： 2. 不规则名词复数： 英语⾥有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下： III. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表⽰所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：⼀是名词词尾加’s构成，⼆是由介词of加名词构成。前 者多表⽰有⽣命的东西，后者多表⽰⽆⽣命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成： 2. ’s所有格的⽤法： 3. of所有格的⽤法： ⽤于⽆⽣命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book ⽤于有⽣命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students ⽤于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed ⼆．冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的⽤法： II. 定冠词的⽤法： III. 零冠词的⽤法： 三．代词： I. 代词可以分为以下七⼤类： 志不强者智不达，言不信者行不果。——墨翟 丹青不知老将至，贫贱于我如浮云。——杜甫 II. 不定代词⽤法注意点： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何⼈，也可特指，复数为ones。some多⽤于肯定句，any多⽤于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask. 2) some可⽤于疑问句中，表⽰盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表⽰建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表⽰某个，any表⽰任何⼀个。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连⽤表⽰―⼤约‖，any可与⽐较级连⽤表⽰程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，⽽every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no ： no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语⽤单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another: 1) other泛指―另外的，别的‖常与其他词连⽤，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外⼀个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other. Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. 2) another指―⼜⼀个，另⼀个‖⽆所指，复数形式是others，泛指―别的⼈或事‖如： I don’t like th