2024届高考英语语法知识点课件.pptxVIP

英语的10大词性 词性 符号 本质 举例 noun/名词 verb/动词 adjective/形容词 adverb/副词 pronoun/代词 article/冠词 preposition/介词 conjunction/连词 interjection/感叹词 numeral/数词 n v adj adv pron art prep conj int num 万物的名字 代替名词的词 修饰 名/代 动作 a/an/the 连接句子 介绍各种关系 顺序或数量 修饰 动/形 说话时的情绪 dog it white dog eat meal often eat a dog so 所以 on in oh 噢 one first 一，第一 英语中的人称代词 人称和单复数形式 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格/语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们 I we you you you he she it they 宾格/语 me us you him her it them 人代的adj my our your your his her its their 人代的n mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 反身代/谁自己 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 动词的过去式： 规则动词变化口诀： 过去式的构成有规律，一般情况加ed； 动词词尾有个e，直接加个d；重读闭音加辅结尾，双写辅音加ed；辅音字母加y结尾时，变y为i加ed。 规则动词变化和不规则动词变化 1.一般情况加ed talk talked look looked show showed 2.动词词尾有个e，直接加个d like liked love loved smile smiled 3.重读闭音加辅结尾，双写辅音加ed ※ 什么是重读闭音？ ①这个音节是重读音节 ③元音不发字母本身音 ②辅元辅结构 chat chatted open [ˈəʊpən] opened 非重读 4.辅音字母加y结尾时，变y为i加ed study studied carry carried worry worried 随堂练习 stay stayed play played arrive arrived hope hoped replace replaced stop stopped dry dried try tried ※规则动词变过去分词done时，跟变过去式时一样 不规则动词变过去式和过去分词式有自己特定的变法，需在平时的学习中积累 show shew shown give gave given 动词的ing变化形式 四种情况: 直，去，双，改 1.一般情况下直接加ing eat eating stand standing teach teaching 2.以不发音的e字母结尾的动词先去掉e，再加ing use using dance dancing make making 3.以重读闭音节结尾的，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写辅音字母加ing sit sitting put putting get getting 4.以字母ie结尾的，先把ie改为y再加ing lie lying tie tying 随堂练习 go going come coming walk walking swim swimming put putting ride riding die dying shop shopping have having learn learning forget forgetting write writing see seeing fish fishing run running count counting clean cleaning 名词变复数的规则变化 1.一般情况下直接加s bog bogs book books student students 2.以x, sh, ch, s结尾的加es bus buses brush brushes fox foxes 西(xi)施(shi)吃(chi)蒜(suan) 3.以辅音加y结尾的变y为i加es story stories 4. 以f, fe结尾的把f, fe变为ves leaf leaves 5.以o结尾的一般情况下加s，少数情况下加es zoo zoos hero heroes 随堂练习 apple apples map maps boy boys knife knives tomato tomatoes photo photos diary diaries pi