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Cardiovascular Drugs
FFuunnccttiioonnaallCCoommppoonneennttss
oofftthheeHHeeaarrtt
• Myocardium:cardiacmusclefibersarearrangedinto
fourchambers,2atriaand2ventricles
• Conductionsystem:specializedtissuethatconduct
nerveimpulsesthroughouttheheart,SAandA
node,bundleofHis,bundlebranches,andPurkinje
fibers
• Nervesupply:nervebranchesfromboththe
sympatheticandparasympatheticdivisionsofthe
autonomicnervoussystem,regulateheartrateand
forceofcontraction
StructureoftheHeart
Normalelectrocardiogramatrest
MMaaiinnDDiisseeaasseessoofftthhee
CCaarrddiioovvaassccuullaarrSSyysstteemm
• Hypertension
• Congestiveheartfailure
• Coronaryarterydisease
• Myocardialinfarction
• Cardiacarrhythmias
CCoonnggeessttiivveeHHeeaarrttFFaaiilluurree
• Contractilefunctionisreducedbelownormalby
diseaseorlifestyle
• Cardiacoutputunabletomaintainnormalblood
pressure
• Bloodaccumulatesinheart (dilatation),lungs
(pulmonarycongestion),abdomen (ascites),and
lowerextremities(peripheraledema)
• Patientiswea andhasdifficultybreathing
CCoorroonnaarryy AArrtteerryy DDiisseeaassee
• Due to arterio- and atherosclerosis of the
coronary arteries
• Fatty plaques cause blockage and decreased
blood flow to the myocardium
• Main symptom is angina pectoris or chest
pain, caused by lack of blood and oxygen
• Myocardial infarction MI) occurswhen an
artery is totally blocked
MMyyooccaarrddiiaall IInnffaarrccttiioonn
• Causedby completeblockage of one of the
coronary arteries
• Heart cells deprived ofblood/oxygen become
ischemic, die, and form an infarct
• MImay result in sudden death, or the infarct
undergoesa healingprocessand isreplacedwith
connective tissue
• After an MItheheartmay beweakened and
develop congestive failure or cardiac arrhythmias
CCaarrddiiaaccAArrrrhhyytthhmmiiaass
• Arrhythmiasaredisturbancesintheno
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