Total-Physical-Response-全身反应教学法.pptVIP

Total Physical Responseby Zhang Wenjing BackgroundAdvantages and DisadvantagesApproachApproachRelated Thesis123456ContentDesignProcedure 1. Background DefinitionTotal Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical (motor) activity. TPR was developed by James Asher, aprofessor of psychology at San JoseState University, California, it draws onseveral traditions, includingdevelopmental psychology, learningtheory, humanistic pedagogy, andlanguage teaching procedures. In a developmental sense, Asher sees successful adult second language learning as parallel process to child first language acquisition. He claims that speech directed to young children consists primarily of commands, which children respond to physically before they begin to produce verbal responses. 1. Background Asher feels that adults should recapitulate(总结) the processes by which children acquire their native language. Asher shares with the school of humanistic psychology(人本主义心理学）a concern for the role of affective (emotional) factors in language learning. A method that is undemanding in terms of linguistic production and that involves gamelike movements reduces learner stress, he believes, and creates a positive mood in the learner, which facilitates learning.1. Background 2. ApproachCONTENTSTheory of Theory of Approach TPR reflects a grammar-based view of language. Asher states that “most of the grammatical structure of the target language and hundreds of vocabulary items can be learned from the skillful use of the imperative(祈使句) by the instructor”. He views the verb, and particularly the verb in the imperative, as the central linguistic motif around which language use and learning are organized. 2. 1 Theory of language Stimulus-response view: learning is the result of a series of stimuli and responses, children learn language through a chain of stimulus-response