王佐良《欧洲文化入门》笔记和课后习题详解.pdf

第1章　希腊罗马文化 1.1　复习笔记 Ⅰ. The historical background Ⅱ. Political Structure and Social Life Ⅲ. Homer Ⅳ. Lyric Poetry Ⅴ. Drama Ⅵ. History 1 Herodotus 2 Thucydides Ⅶ. Philosophy and Science 1 Pythagoras 2 Heracleitus 3 Democritus 4 Socrates 5 Plato 6 Aristotle 7 Contending Schools of Thought 8 Science Ⅷ. Art, Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery 1 Art 2 Architecture 3 Sculpture 4 Pottery Ⅸ. The impact of Greek Literature Ⅰ. The historical background（历史背景） (1) A war broke out between Greece and Troy, and the war ended in Troy’s defeat. (2) The most prosperous period of Greek culture was the fifth century BC. After repelling the Pe
ian invasion, Athe
established democracy. The war between Athe
and Sparta ended this glorious period. (3) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Alexander Emperor of the Kingdom of Macedon ruled Greece. (4) In 146 B.C. the Roma
conquered Greece. （1）希腊和特洛伊之间爆发了战争，战争以特洛伊的失败而告终。 （2）希腊文化最为繁荣的时期是公元前五世纪。击退波斯的入侵后，雅典建立了民主政治。雅典和斯巴达之间的战争结束了这一辉煌时期。 （3）公元前四世纪下半期，马其顿王国的亚历山大帝统治了希腊。 （4）公元前146年，罗马统治了希腊。 Ⅱ. Political Structure and Social Life（政治结构和社会生活） Athe
was a democratic country. However, only male citize
of the country participated in democracy. Women, children, foreigne
and slaves did not. Athenia
loved sports. Every four yea
, they held sports activities on Mount Olympus. 雅典是一个民主国家，然而只有国家的男性公民才享有民主，妇女、孩子、外国人以及奴隶是没有的。雅典人热爱运动，每隔四年，他们都会在奥林匹斯山上举行运动活动。 Ⅲ. Homer（诗人荷马） ★The Greeks regarded Homer as their epic poet. His two epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, have survived. ★the Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war agai
t the city of Troy. The heroes are Hector on the Trojan side and Achilles and Odysseus on the Greek. In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the Greeks. ★the Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island of Ithaca. It tells some of the adventures he encountered in the Odyssey during the