专题13 现在完成时的被动语态-初升高英语衔接大讲堂.docxVIP

专题13 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态的基本结构 1. 肯定式：主语＋have/has been done ?? ?He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting．他已被挑选出来参加运动会。 Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。 否定式：主语＋have/has not been done The construction of the bridge has not been finished．桥的建设还没有完成。 The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。 疑问式：疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done．．．？ How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？ Has the date for the next meeting been decided? 下次会议的日期已决定了吗？ How long has the battery not been changed? 电池多久没有更换了？ 二、用法 1. 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 The problem has already been solved．　问题已经解决了。 The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去） 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long．．．？”句型中。 How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已放映多长时间了？ They have been told about it for many times 有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们） 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already，yet，since then，ever since，ever，for a long time，so far，by now，in recent years，in/during/over the past/last years，recently/lately等。 He will give us a lecture, but when and where hasn’t been decided yet．他将给我们做报告，但是在何时何地还没决定。 They have been punished recently. 他们最近刚被处罚。 三、注意事项 1. 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。 2. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 She has already punished him．＝He has already been punished by her．她已经惩罚了他。 We have built many houses in the past ten years. = Many houses have been built in the past ten years (by us). 3.带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。 We have given him the book. ＝ He has been given the book. ＝The book has been given to him. 我们给他一本书。 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补时，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 I have told them to help you. = They have been told to help you. 我已经告诉他们来帮助你。 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。 They have referred to the books. = The books have been referred to (by them). 他们查询了这书本。 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。 一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作