西安交大英文chapter 03yin.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 3 CRYSTAL RUCTURES • Crystal structure is a major determinant of the properties of a material. • Describe the concept of a crystal lattice • Present a few simple crystal structure • Describe several methods to quantify various characteristics of crystal lattices • Describe the fundamental relationship between crystal structure and macroscopic properties. • An introduction to X-ray diffraction – The technique most commonly used to characterize crystal structure Key words Isotropic 各向同性 Diffraction 衍射 anisotropic 各向异性 Families of directions 方向族 Families of planes 面族 Atomic packing factor 原子堆垛因子 Highest-density plane 最高密度面 Basal plane 基面 Interstice 间隙 basis 基元 Bragg’s law 布拉格定律 Body-centered cubic (BCC) 体心立方 Linear density 线密度 Face-centered cubic (FCC) 面心立方 Volumetric density 体密度 Hexagonal colse-packed (HCP) 密排六方 Planar density 面密度 Close-packed directions 密排方向 Liquid crystal 液晶 Close-packed planes 密排面 polycrystalline 多晶体 Close-packed structure 密排结构 Miller indices 密勒指数 Lattice点阵 （晶格） Octahedral site 八面体位置 Lattice parameter 点阵常数(晶格常数) Tetrahedral site 四面体位置 Lattice point 阵点 Polymorphic 同素异构体 Crystal lattice 晶体点阵 Unit cell 单胞 （晶胞） 3.6 Interstices in typical crystals of metals Definition: In any of the crystal structures, there are small holes between the usual atoms into which smaller atoms may be placed. These locations are called interstitial sites. •Two types of Interstitials in typical crystals Octahedral interstitial （八面体间隙） Tet