演示文稿第九章过程建模.pptVIP

* No additional notes * Conversion Notes Most books refer to external agents by the name of external entities. Eventually, we expect to borrow the object-oriented term “actors.” Teaching Notes It is very important to emphasize the external agents on DFDs are not the same as entities on ERDs (from Chapter 7)—especially if the instructor prefers the more traditional term “external entity.” This is true even though you could have both an entity (on an ERD) with the same name as an external agent/entity on a DFD. Consider the entity CUSTOMER and the external agent CUSTOMER: The entity CUSTOMER indicates the requirement to store data about customers. The external agent CUSTOMER indicates the requirement for an interaction (inputs and/or outputs) with customers. It is very important for students to understand that external agents are “processes” outside of the scope of the system or business. As such, as scope “increases,” external agents can become processes. Conversely, if scope “decreases,” processes can become external agents. * Teaching Notes Emphasize that a data store contains all instances of a data entity (from the data model). That is why data store names are plurals (as contrasted to data entity names that are singular). Although we don’t prefer it, some analysts designate a data store to contain all instances of several entities and relationships from a data model. For example, an ORDERS data store might include all instances of the data entities ORDER and ORDERED PRODUCT, and all instances of the relationship between ORDER and ORDERED PRODUCT—We prefer the simplicity of representing each data entity from the data model as its own data store on the process models. Emphasize that because data stores are shared resources available to many processes, it is acceptable to duplicate them on several DFDs—The duplication does NOT indicate redundant storage (on logical DFDs); it merely represents the sharing of the data store by several processes. * Teaching No