哺乳动物颈部发育、形态功能和古生物学的进化.pdfVIP

Journal of Mammalian Evolution /10.1007/s10914-022-09642-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Ecomorphology of toothed whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti) as revealed by 3D skull geometry 1 2 3 1 4 Deborah Vicari  · Michael R. McGowen  · Olivier Lambert  · Richard P. Brown  · Giovanni Bianucci  · 5 1 Richard C. Sabin  · Carlo Meloro Accepted: 17 November 2022 © The Author(s) 2023 Abstract Extant odontocetes (toothed whales) exhibit diferences in body size and brain mass, biosonar mode, feeding strategies, and diving and habitat adaptations. Strong selective pressures associated with these factors have likely contributed to the morphological diversifcation of their skull. Here, we used 3D landmark geometric morphometric data from the skulls of 60 out of ~ 72 extant odontocete species and a well-supported phylogenetic tree to test whether size and shape variation are associated with ecological adaptations at an interspecifc scale. Odontocete skull morphology exhibited a signifcant phylo- genetic signal, with skull size showing stronger signal than shape. After accounting for phylogeny, signifcant associations were detected between skull size and biosonar mode, body length, brain and body mass, maximum and minimum prey size, and maximum peak frequency. Brain mass was also strongly correlated with skull shape together with surface temperature and average and minimum prey size. When asymmetric and symmetric components of shape were analysed separately, a signifcant correlation was detected between sea surface temperature and both symmetric and asymmetric components of skull shape, and between diving ecology and the asymmetric component. Skull shape variation of odontocetes was strongly infuenced by evolutionary allometry but most of the associations with ecological variables were not supported after phyloge- ne