Style-文学原理教程课件[优质PPT].pptVIP

Style,Tone Irony Style 风格 The author’s characteristic manner of expression.Hemingway and Faulkner are good examples of contrasting styles. 1. Diction 措辞 A writer’s choice of words that comprise an author’s basic vocabulary. ① Denotative V.S. Connotative meaning of wordsDenotation 表义 The basic definition / dictionary meaning of a word ★ word meanings Connotation 涵义 The meaning suggested / implied by a given word / phrase, as opposed to its literal meaning ★ word suggestions ② Degree of concreteness V.S. abstractness Concrete 具体 Language referring directly to what we see, hear, touch, taste, or smell is concrete. ★ Most literature uses concrete language and expresses even abstract concepts concretely through images and metaphors. Abstract 抽象 The opposite of concrete, used to describe a word or group of words representing attitudes, generalities, ideas, or qualities that cannot be apprehended directly through the senses. ★ The language of philosophy and science tends to be abstract. ③ Degree of allusivenessAllusion 引喻，暗示 A reference, generally brief, to a person, place, thing or event with which the reader is presumably familiar. Eg: Magnus is the Adonis of the class.(Adonis is a mythical character who is the most handsome.) Some call Marcos a modern Hitler.(Marcos is an ex-president of the Philippines.) ④ Parts of speech⑤ Length Construction⑥ Level of usageStandard V.S. NonstandardFormal V.S. Informal / Colloquial ⑦Imagery 意象 Sensory pictures produced verbally through figurative language. ⑧ Figurative DevicesSimile MetaphorPersonification ⑨ Rhythm Sound PatternsRhythm The pattern of flow and movement created by the choice of words and the arrangement of phrases and sentences. Rhythm is directly affected by the length and composition of sentences, the use of pauses within sentences, the use of repetition, and the ease or difficulty in pronouncing the combinations of word sounds in the sentences