2013年题目答案modern european history sqp剑桥国际考试普通教育证书高级辅助级别历史9697 1.pdfVIP

Section A: The Origins of World War I, 1870–1914 You must answer Question 1. WAS RUSSIA THE AGGRESSOR IN 1914? 1 Read the Sources, and then answer the question. When answering Question 1, candidates are advised to pay particular attention to the interpretation and evaluation of the Sources both individually and as a group. Source A Af nalysing the situation objectively, one has to conclude that, considering her traditional relations with the Balkan states, it will be nearly impossible for Russia to stand by peacefully and watch Austria take action Serbia without a tremendous loss of face. The leaders of the peace party in Russia, luding Count Kokovtzov, the Prime Minister, and Sazonov, the Foreign Minister, would be simply swept away by the indignation of the public if they tried to resist it. However, the consequences of Russian intervention are obvious. They would result in war between the Triple Alliance – probably without enthusiastic support by Italy – and the Triple Entente. Germany would be faced with a combined attack from France and Britain. Bethmann Hollweg, German Chancellor, writing to Berchtold, Austrian Chancellor, February 1913. Source B Mr. Sazonov, the Russian Foreign Minister, asked me to thank you for your messages about the situation, whi ade a very good impression on him. He emphasised that he strongly agreed with your appeal to the long-established friendly relations between Germany and Russia. He emphasised that Russia would continue her love of peace very strongly. He was ready to go to the limit to satisfy Austria and would use all means to bring