初一生物知识点总结.docVIP

初一生物知识点总结 第一单元:生物和生物圈 1、生物具有的共同特征:植物的营养:绝大多数通过光合作用制造有机物;动物的营养:从外界获取现成的营养。 2)生物能进行呼吸。 3)生物能排出身体内的废物。 动物排出废物的方式:出汗、呼出气体、排尿。 植物排出废物的方式:落叶。 4)生物能对外界刺激做出反应。例:斑马发现敌害后迅速奔逃。含羞草对刺激的反应。 5)生物能生长和繁殖。 6)除病毒以外，生物都是由细胞构成的。 2、生物圈的范围:大气圈的底部、水圈的大部和岩石圈的表面。 3、生物圈为生物的生存提供的基本条件:营养物质、阳光、空气和水、适宜的温度和一定的生存空间。 4、影响生物的生存的环境因素: 非生物因素:光、温度、水分等;生物因素:影响某种生物生活的其他生物。 例:七星瓢虫捕食蚜虫，是捕食关系。稻田里杂草和水稻争夺阳光，属竞争关系。蚂蚁、蜜蜂家庭成员之间分工合作。 5、探究:光对鼠妇生活的影响 1)提出问题:光会影响鼠妇的生活吗, pipe into the box, lateral lock, installed at the inner side protection. (9) dark distribution pipe should be laid along the lines of recent, and should reduce bending, buried within the walls of the pipe from the surface-distance should not be less than 15mm. (10) under normal circumstances, it tube bending radius shall meet the following requirements: 1) specify timing, there is generally no less than 6 times the pipe diameter, such as when only one bend, not less than 6 times the pipe diameter. 2) dark time, not less than ... (E) wire into the switch box and Cabinet, Board, should have a long widening of margins; (F) when the wires into the electrical equipment should remain at the Centre of 0.3M margin; (G) the floor tube to the power box, tube 1M of allowances; (H) the wires connected to the power supply and into and out of time, tube 1.5M of allowances. (I) wore metal pipe with wire retainer should be well set, retainer must not cut place, match the specification and pipe. (J) after the end of the wire, you should check the insulation resistance, the resistance shall be not less than 0.5M. (K) the dark construction of the works at the time of completion and acceptance of the delivery, and laid wiring changes in the construction should be part of the actual position (including junction boxes and junction boxes and pipeline specifications), fixed in the as-built drawings and indicate 2)作出假设:光会影响鼠妇的生活。 3)制定计划:检验假设是否正确，需通过实验进行探究。 实验方案的要求:需设计对照实验，光照是这个探究实验中的唯一变量。其他条件都相同。 4)实施计划 5)得出结论 6)表达、交流 6、生物对环境的适应和影响: 1)生物对环境的适应举例:荒漠中的骆驼，尿