生物学定义总结.pdfVIP

Summary of Biology Definitions 2.4.4 - Define diffusion and osmosis Diffusion - the passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Osmosis - the passive movement of water molecules, across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. 3.2.1 - Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds Organic compounds are based on carbon and can be found in living things . Exceptions lude HCO₃, CO₂ and CO. These are classed as non-organic carbon. Three types of organic compounds widely found in living organisms are lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Inorganic compounds are any compounds that do not fall into the category of organic compounds. 3.6.1 - Define enzyme and active site Enzyme - A biological catalyst made of globular protein Active Site -The region of an enzyme molecule surface where the substrate molecule binds and catalysis occurs 3.6.4 - Define denaturation A structural change in a protein that alters its shape and results in a loss of biological properties. This can be caused by pH or temperature. 3.7.1 - Define cell respiration Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds ells in the form of ATP 4.1.2 - Define gene, allele and genome Gene - A gene is a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic Allele - lele is a specific form of a gene, differing for other alleles by one or a few bases only. They occupy the same gene locus as the other alleles on the gene Genome - The whole of the g ic information of an organism 4.1.3 - Define gene mutation A gene mutation is a change in the base sequence of lele 4.2.2 - Define homologous chromosomes Chromosomes in a diploid cell which contain the same sequence of genes, but are derived from different parents. 4.3.1 - Define genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codomi