南开学院抽象代数汇总课件习题课代数学基础.pdfVIP

1.6 ଆ 1. ഡR□ ᠓ ߌ đM □ ၂ ۱Abelಕ. □ ഡ թ ᄝR ֞◌End M ֥◌ □ □ u,□ u(1) = idM .ᆣ□ R × M ֞◌M ֥◌႘ഝ(a, x) →ax = u(a)(x),a ∈ R, x ∈M □ M ӮູR⚷ଆ. 2. ഡR□ ᠓ߌđM □ R⚷ଆ.ᆣ□ ႵR ֞◌End M ֥◌□ □ f □ f (1)