微观经济学英文第7版ppt课件.pptxVIP

The Analysis of Competitive Markets Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall • Microeconomics • Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 7e. Fernando Yvonn Quijano Prepared by: C H A P T E R 9 CHAPTER 9 OUTLINE 9.1 Evaluating the Gains and Losses from Government Policies—Consumer and Producer Surplus 9.2 The Efficiency of a Competitive Market 9.3 Minimum Prices 9.4 Price Supports and Production Quotas 9.5 Import Quotas and Tariffs 9.6 The Impact of a Tax or Subsidy Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall • Microeconomics • Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 7e. Chapter 9: The Analysis of Competitive Markets 2 of 28 Consumer A would pay $10 for a good whose market price is $5 and therefore enjoys a benefit of $5. Consumer B enjoys a benefit of $2, and Consumer C, who values the good at exactly the market price, enjoys no benefit. Consumer surplus, which measures the total benefit to all consumers, is the yellow- shaded area between the demand curve and the market price. FROM GOVERNMENT POLICIES— CONSUMER AND PRODUCER SURPLUS Review of Consumer and Producer Surplus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall • Microeconomics • Pindyck/Rubinfeld, 7e. Consumer and Producer Surplus Chapter 9: The Analysis of Competitive Markets EVALUATING THE GAINS AND LOSSES 9.1 3 of 28 Figure 9.1 Producer surplus measures the total profits of producers, plus rents to factor inputs. It is the benefit that lower- cost producers enjoy by selling at the market price, shown by the green-shaded area between the supply curve and the market price. Together, consumer and producer surplus measure the welfare benefit of a competitive market. FROM GOVERNMENT POLICIES— CONSUMER AND PRODUCER SURPLUS Review of Consumer and Producer Surplus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall • Microeconomics