Chapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学课件.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Phonetics PhonologyInstructed by Yan ShangyuanChapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 Contents1. Speech sounds2. Phonetics语音学 2.1 What is phonetics? 2.2 Speech organs 2.3 IPA and Broad and narrow transcription 2.4 Classification of English speech sounds3. Phonology音系学 3.1 Phone音素, phoneme音位 and allophone音位变体 3.2 Phonemic音素 analysis 3.3 Phonological音系学的 rules 3.4 Suprasegmental超音段的 phonologyChapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 1.Speech sounds Sounds which are systematically used in human languages are called speech sounds. Sounds made by a human being but not used in language are not considered as speech sounds (coughing, snoring, sneezing).Chapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 2. Phonetics语音学2.1 What is phonetics? (p.25) The study of the speech sounds that occur in all human languages. It is the science which studies the characteristics of human sound making, particularly the sounds used in speech, and provides methods for their transcription, description and classification.Chapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 Three areas of phonetics: (p.26)Articulatory phonetics (发音语音学): production of speech soundsAuditory phonetics (听觉语音学): perception of speech soundsAcoustic [?ku?st?k] phonetics (声学语音学): physical properties of speech soundsChapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 2.2 Speech organs (p.27) 1-nasal cavity2-lips3-teeth4-alveolar ridge5-hard palate6-velum (soft palate)7-uvula8-apex (tip) of tongue9-blade (front) of tongue10-dorsum (back) of tongue11-oral cavity12-pharynx13-epiglottis14-larynx15-vocal cords16-trachea17-esophagusChapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 According to the function in the sound production, the vocal organs can be divided into three parts: initiator of the air-stream, the producer of voice and the resonator[r?z?net?].Division of vocal organs:Chapter 2 Phonetics Phonology语音学与音系学 2.2.1 The initiator of the air-stream:(1) The initiator in