(11)--3.5 金属材料制造（双语）(1).pptVIP

3.5 Fabrication of metals 金属材料制造 Metal fabrication techniques are normally preceded by refining, alloying, and often heat-treating processes that produce alloys with the desired characteristics. Metal fabrication techniques:1、Forming operations: forging, rolling, extrusion and drawing2、Casting: sand, die, investment, continuous3、Miscellaneous techniques: powder metallurgy, welding 3.5.1 Forming operationsForming operations are those in which the shape of a metal piece is changed by plastic deformation. Hot working: deformation is achieved at a temperature above that at which recrystallization occurs.Cold working: otherwise, it is cold working. 3.5.1.1 Forging 锻造 3.5.1.2 Rolling 轧制 3.5.1.3 Extrusion 挤压 3.5.1.4 Drawing 拉拔 3.5.2 Casting 铸造Casting is a process in which a liquid metal is somehow delivered into a mold (it is usually delivered by a crucible) that contains a hollow shape (i.e., a 3-dimensional negative image) of the intended shape. 3.5.2.1 Sand casting 砂型铸造 3.5.2.2 Die casting 压铸 3.5.2.3 Investment casting 脱蜡铸造Investment casting is an industrial process based on lost-wax casting, one of the oldest known metal-forming techniques. The term lost-wax casting can also refer to modern investment casting processes. 3.5.2.4 Continuous casting 连（续浇）铸 3.5.3 Miscellaneous techniques 其他技术Welding: 焊接Thermal processing of metals: 金属热处理Heat treatment of steels: 钢的热处理Precipitation hardening: 沉淀强化 3.5.3.1 Welding 焊接 Heat-affected zone 焊接热影响区 3.5.3.2 Thermal processing of metals  金属热处理There are a number of phenomena that occur in metals and alloys at elevated temperatures-for example, recrystallization and the decomposition of austenite. Annealing ( 退火 )Definition: 金属加热到适当温度保温一段时间，以适当速度冷却到室温的热处理过程。 Normalizing ( 正火 )The metal is heated in the austenitic region and then cooled in still air.To refine the grain structureTo increase the strengthprovide a more uniform structure Quenching ( 淬火 )A sample of a heated metallic materials is rapidly