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4.1球面波的声阻抗率:解:其中声压和质点速度间的相角:声阻抗率的幅值:
4.2解:脉动球的辐射阻抗:其中辐射阻辐射声功率:球体表面的速度幅值为:
4.5解:(1)线性点源阵列的声压:最大振幅:(2)零振幅时:
4.6解:脉动球辐射声压:当当<<>>■
4.7解:50米处:声压级:
4.8当点源辐射到绝对软边界,由声波性质,相当于在边界对称处再放置了一个相位相反的点声源(构成偶极子)1与1’偶极子:2与2’偶极子:由三角公式:证:带入上式即可证得由
4.9hh2h
4.9解:
4.11解:偶极声源的方向性:
4.12解:为近场为远场声轴上:
4.13解:辐射阻:辐射抗:附加同振动质量:球表面振速:
4.14解:活塞的指向性:
TheequationofstateTorelatethemotionofthefluidtoitscompressionordilatation,weneedafunctionalrelationshipbetweentheparticlevelocityuandtheinstantaneousdensityp.
Considerasmallrectangular-parallelepipedvolumeelementdV=dxdydzwhichisfixedinspaceandthroughwhichelementsofthefluidtravel.Thenetratewithwhichmassflowsintothevolumethroughitssurfacemustequaltheratewiththemasswithinthevolumeincreases.
Thatthenetinfluxofmassintothisspatiallyfixedvolume,resultingfromflowinthexdirection,isSimilarexpressionsgivethenetinfluxfortheyandzdirections,
SothatthetotalinfluxmustbeWeobtaintheequationofcontinuity
Notethattheequationisnonlinear;therightterminvolvestheproductofparticlevelocityandinstantaneousdensity,bothofwhichareacousticvariables.Considerasmallamplitudesoundwave,ifwewritep=p0(1+s).Usethefactthatp0isaconstantinbothspaceandtime,andassumethatsisverysmall,
Weobtain
Whereisthedivergenceoperator
FUNDAMENTALSOFACOUSTICS(1)XuXiaomeiEmail:xmxu@jingxian.xmu
Prerequisites:Anunderstandingofbasicmathematics,thefundamentalprinciplesofmechanics,electricity,andaccesstoascientificcalculator
Objective:Throughoutthecourseemphasisisplacedonfundamentals,withdiscussionsandproblemsextendingintosomephasesandapplicationsofacoustics
Thegeneration,transmissionandreceptionofacousticwavesOncompletionofthiscoursestudentswillbeabletounderstandthetermsusedtodescribesoundwa
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