人体形态科学课件：第9章 下肢.pptVIP

肌腔隙lacunamusculorum髂腰肌股神经血管腔隙lacunavasorum股动脉股静脉股环股管femoralcanal股三角femoraltriangle上界：腹股沟韧带外下界：缝匠肌内侧缘内下界：长收肌内侧缘收肌管adductorcanal--隐神经股动脉股静脉三腘窝poplitealfossa构成通行结构腘动、静脉胫神经腓总神经四踝部和足部踝管malleaolarcanal[sciatica坐骨神经痛][sciaticneuritis(ischiatis)坐骨神经炎][steppagegait跨阈步态][equinovarus(talipesequinovarus)马蹄内翻足]femoralring(anatomy)Thefemoralringisthemedialcompartmentofthefemoralcanalinthelowerabdomen.Itsboundariesare:anteriorly:inguinalligamentmedially:lacunarligamentlaterally:medialborderoffemoralveinposteriorly:pectinealligamentandpectineusmuscleThecontentsofthefemoralringareCloquetsnodeandlymphatics.Thefemoralringisthemainsiteforafemoralhernia.小腿三头肌腓骨长肌腓骨短肌腘肌趾长屈肌长屈肌胫骨后肌四、足肌一下肢的血管下肢的动脉髂外动脉eaternaliliaca.股动脉femorala.腘动脉popliteala.胫后动脉posteriortibiala.胫前动脉anteriortibiala.足背动脉dorsala.offoot第3节下肢血管、淋巴和神经髂外动脉↓股动脉分支：股深动脉→穿动脉↓腘动脉↓胫前动脉→足背动脉胫后动脉→足底内侧动脉足底外侧动脉下肢的静脉下肢深静脉下肢浅静脉大隐静脉greatsaphenousv.小隐静脉smallsaphenousv.起始--足背静脉弓内侧走行--内踝前方5条属支-穿入-隐静脉裂孔注入-股静脉大隐静脉曲张二、下肢的淋巴管和淋巴腘淋巴结腹股沟浅淋巴结腹股沟深淋巴结三、下肢的神经腰丛骶丛（一）TheLumbarPlexus(T12-L4)1.iliohypogastricn.(髂腹下神经)2.ilioinguinaln.(髂腹股沟神经)3.lateralfemoralcutaneousn.(股外侧皮神经)4.femoraln.(股神经)5.obturatorn.(闭孔神经)6.geniofemoraln.(生殖股神经)股外侧皮神经大腿前外侧部皮肤femoraln.经腹股沟韧带深面肌支耻骨肌、股四头肌和缝匠肌皮支大腿和膝关节前面的皮肤femoraln.隐神经saphenousnerve是股神经的终支,伴随大隐静脉沿小腿内侧面下降,分布于髌下、小腿内侧面和足内侧缘的皮肤。obturatorn.分为前后两支肌支闭孔外肌大腿内收肌群皮支大腿内侧面的皮肤（二）TheSacralPlexus(L4–Co3)1.superiorglutealn.(臀上神经)2.inferiorglutealn.(臀下神经)3.Posteriorfemoralcutaneousn.(股后皮神经)4.pudendalnerve(阴部神经)5.sciaticn.(坐骨神经)Branches坐骨神经(L4