2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第二讲简单句与并列句学案北师大版.docx

第二讲简单句与并列句

简单句

简单句

[全析考法]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorillasunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal (mean)menorealharm.

解析：meant 根据语境可知此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填meant。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad, (lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.

解析：laying laying和句中的diggingup,building并列。3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal

(create)specialdesigns.

解析：tocreate 句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle,Fridaynightwasourfamilygamenight...StillIunwillingtoplaythegameswiththemsometimes.

解析：unwilling前加was unwilling是形容词，它和系动词一起构成“主系表”结构。此处叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是I，所以用was。

2．(2016·四川高考)BothDadandIplannedtodosomethingonMothersDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.

解析：get→got 此处描述母亲节当天的事，根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态。

[谨记规则]

简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。

基本句型一：S＋V(主＋谓)

SV(不及物动词)释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动

S

V(不及物动词)

1.Time

1.Time

flies.

2.Themoon

rose.

3.She

singsbeautifully.

talkedforhalfan

4.They

hour.

5.He

walkedyesterday.

[特别注意]

主语可有修饰语——定语，谓语可有修饰语——状语。Theredsunrisesintheeast.红色的太阳从东方升起。基本句型二：S＋V＋O(主＋谓＋宾)

SV(及物动词)O(宾语)

S

V(及物动词)

O(宾语)

1.Who

knows

theanswer？

2.She

laughsat

her.

3.They

ate

someapples.

4.Danny

likes

swimming.

5.I

want

tohaveacupoftea.

基本句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)

释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。

S

V(及物)

IO(多指人)

DO(多指物)

1.She

passed

him

anewdress.

2.She

cooked

herhusband

adeliciousmeal.

3.I

showed

him

mypictures.

4.I

told

him

howtorunthemachine.

5.He

showed

me

thebusoverthere.

基本句型四：S＋V＋O＋C(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)

SV(及物)O(宾语)

S

V(及物)

O(宾语)

C(宾补)

1.We

keep

thetable

clean.

2.What

makes

him

sad？

3.We

saw

him

out.

4.He

asked

me

tocomebacksoon.

5.I

saw

them

gettingonthebus.

基本句型五：S＋V＋P(主＋系＋表)

释义